infra/.claude/CLAUDE.md

# Claude Code — Project Configuration

> **Shared knowledge**: Read `AGENTS.md` at repo root for architecture, patterns, rules, and operations. This file adds Claude-specific features on top.

## Claude-Specific Resources
- **Skills**: `.claude/skills/` (7 active). Archived runbooks: `.claude/skills/archived/`
- **Agents**: All agents are global (`~/.claude/agents/`, shared via dotfiles). Install Viktor's dotfiles for the full set.
  - **Infra specialists**: cluster-health-checker, dba, home-automation-engineer, network-engineer, observability-engineer, platform-engineer, security-engineer, sre
  - **Incident pipeline**: post-mortem → sev-triage → sev-historian → sev-report-writer
  - **DevOps**: devops-engineer, deploy-app, review-loop
- **Reference**: `.claude/reference/` — patterns.md, service-catalog.md, proxmox-inventory.md, github-api.md, authentik-state.md
- **GitHub API**: `curl` with tokens from tfvars (`gh` CLI blocked by sandbox)

## Critical Rule: Terraform Only

**ALL infrastructure changes MUST go through Terraform/Terragrunt.** Never use `kubectl apply/edit/patch/set`, `helm install/upgrade`, or any manual cluster mutation as the final state.

- **No exceptions for "quick fixes"** — even one-line changes must be in `.tf` files and applied via `scripts/tg apply`
- **kubectl is for read-only operations and temporary debugging only** (get, describe, logs, exec, port-forward)
- **If a resource isn't in Terraform yet**, evaluate whether it can be added before making manual changes. If manual change is unavoidable (e.g., emergency), document it immediately and create the Terraform resource in the same session
- **kubectl scale/patch during migrations is acceptable** as a transient step, but the final state must be in Terraform and applied via `scripts/tg apply`
- **Helm values live in Terraform** (templatefile or inline) — never `helm upgrade` directly

Violations cause state drift, which causes future applies to break or silently revert changes.

## Instructions
- **"remember X"**: Use `memory-tool store "content" --category facts --tags "tag1,tag2"` (via exec) for persistent cross-session memory. Also update this file + `AGENTS.md` (if shared knowledge), commit with `[ci skip]`. To recall: `memory-tool recall "query"`. To list: `memory-tool list`. To delete: `memory-tool delete <id>`. The native `memory_search` and `memory_get` tools are also available for searching indexed memory files. For **storing** new memories, always use the `memory-tool` CLI via exec.
- **Apply**: Authenticate via `vault login -method=oidc`, then use `scripts/tg` (preferred — handles state decrypt/encrypt) or `terragrunt` directly. `scripts/tg` adds `-auto-approve` for `--non-interactive` applies.
- **New services need CI/CD** and **monitoring** (Prometheus/Uptime Kuma)
- **New service**: Use `setup-project` skill for full workflow
- **Ingress**: `ingress_factory` module. Auth: `protected = true`. Anti-AI: on by default. **DNS**: `dns_type = "proxied"` (Cloudflare CDN) or `"non-proxied"` (direct A/AAAA). DNS records are auto-created — no need to edit `config.tfvars`.
- **Docker images**: Always build for `linux/amd64`. Use 8-char git SHA tags — `:latest` causes stale pull-through cache.
- **Private registry**: `forgejo.viktorbarzin.me/viktor/<name>` (Forgejo packages, OAuth-style PAT auth). Use `image: forgejo.viktorbarzin.me/viktor/<name>:<tag>` + `imagePullSecrets: [{name: registry-credentials}]`. Kyverno auto-syncs the Secret to all namespaces. Containerd `hosts.toml` on every node redirects to in-cluster Traefik LB `10.0.20.200` to avoid hairpin NAT. Push-side: viktor PAT in Vault `secret/ci/global/forgejo_push_token` (Forgejo container packages are scoped per-user; only the package owner can push, ci-pusher cannot write to viktor/*). Pull-side: cluster-puller PAT in Vault `secret/viktor/forgejo_pull_token`. Retention CronJob (`forgejo-cleanup` in `forgejo` ns, daily 04:00) keeps newest 10 versions + always `:latest`; integrity probed every 15min by `forgejo-integrity-probe` in `monitoring` ns (catalog walk + manifest HEAD on every blob). See `docs/plans/2026-05-07-forgejo-registry-consolidation-{design,plan}.md` for the migration history. Pull-through caches for upstream registries (DockerHub, GHCR, Quay, k8s.gcr, Kyverno) stay on the registry VM at `10.0.20.10` ports 5000/5010/5020/5030/5040 — the old port-5050 R/W private registry was decommissioned 2026-05-07.
- **LinuxServer.io containers**: `DOCKER_MODS` runs apt-get on every start — bake slow mods into a custom image (`RUN /docker-mods || true` then `ENV DOCKER_MODS=`). Set `NO_CHOWN=true` to skip recursive chown that hangs on NFS mounts.
- **Node memory changes**: When changing VM memory on any k8s node, update kubelet `systemReserved`, `kubeReserved`, and eviction thresholds accordingly. Config: `/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml`. Template: `stacks/infra/main.tf`. Current values: systemReserved=512Mi, kubeReserved=512Mi, evictionHard=500Mi, evictionSoft=1Gi.
- **Node OS disk tuning** (in `stacks/infra/main.tf`): kubelet `imageGCHighThresholdPercent=70` (was 85), `imageGCLowThresholdPercent=60` (was 80), ext4 `commit=60` in fstab (was default 5s), journald `SystemMaxUse=200M` + `MaxRetentionSec=3day`.
- **Sealed Secrets**: User-managed secrets go in `sealed-*.yaml` files in the stack directory. Stacks pick them up via `kubernetes_manifest` + `fileset(path.module, "sealed-*.yaml")`. See AGENTS.md for full workflow.
- **CRITICAL — Update docs with every change**: When modifying infrastructure (Terraform, Vault, networking, storage, CI/CD, monitoring), you MUST update all affected documentation in the same commit. Check and update: `docs/architecture/*.md`, `docs/runbooks/*.md`, `.claude/CLAUDE.md`, `AGENTS.md`, `.claude/reference/service-catalog.md`. Stale docs cause incident response failures and onboarding confusion. If unsure which docs are affected, grep for the service/resource name across all doc files.

## Terraform State — Two-Tier Backend
- **Tier 0 (bootstrap)**: Local state, SOPS-encrypted in git. Stacks: `infra`, `platform`, `cnpg`, `vault`, `dbaas`, `external-secrets`. These must exist before PG is reachable.
- **Tier 1 (everything else)**: PostgreSQL backend (`pg`) on CNPG cluster at `pg-cluster-rw.dbaas.svc.cluster.local:5432/terraform_state`. Native `pg_advisory_lock` for concurrent safety. Each stack gets its own PG schema.
- **Auth**: `scripts/tg` auto-fetches PG credentials from Vault (`database/static-creds/pg-terraform-state`). Humans use `vault login -method=oidc`, agents use K8s auth (role: `terraform-state`, namespace: `claude-agent`).
- **Tier 0 workflow** (unchanged): `git pull` → `scripts/tg plan` → `scripts/tg apply` → `git push`. State sync via SOPS is transparent.
- **Tier 1 workflow**: `vault login -method=oidc` → `scripts/tg plan` → `scripts/tg apply`. No git commit needed — PG is authoritative.
- **Tier detection**: Defined in `terragrunt.hcl` (`locals.tier0_stacks`), `scripts/tg`, and `scripts/state-sync`. All three share the same list.
- **Fallback**: If PG is down, Tier 0 local state can bring it back (`scripts/tg apply` in `dbaas` stack). Tier 1 ops are blocked until PG recovers.
- **Tier 0 details**: Decrypt priority: Vault Transit (primary) → age key fallback. Encrypt: both Vault Transit + age recipients. Scripts: `scripts/state-sync {encrypt|decrypt|commit} [stack]`.
- **Adding operator**: Generate age key (`age-keygen`), add pubkey to `.sops.yaml`, run `sops updatekeys` on Tier 0 `.enc` files. For Tier 1, only Vault access is needed.
- **Migration script**: `scripts/migrate-state-to-pg` (one-shot, idempotent) migrates Tier 1 stacks from local to PG.
- **Adopting existing resources**: use HCL `import {}` blocks (TF 1.5+), not `terraform import` CLI. Commit stanza → plan-to-zero → apply → delete stanza. Canonical reason: reviewable in PR, plan-safe, idempotent, tier-agnostic. Full rules + per-provider ID formats in `AGENTS.md` → "Adopting Existing Resources".

## Secrets Management — Vault KV
- **Vault is the sole source of truth** for secrets.
- **`secret/viktor`** — go-to path for ALL personal secrets (135 keys). Contains every API key, token, password, SSH key, and config from the old terraform.tfvars. Check here first: `vault kv get -field=KEY secret/viktor`.
- **Auth**: `vault login -method=oidc` (Authentik SSO) → `~/.vault-token` → read by Vault TF provider.
- **Vault stack self-reads**: `data "vault_kv_secret_v2" "vault"` reads its own OIDC creds from `secret/vault`.
- **ESO (External Secrets Operator)**: `stacks/external-secrets/` — 43 ExternalSecrets + 9 DB-creds ExternalSecrets. API version `v1beta1`. Two ClusterSecretStores: `vault-kv` and `vault-database`.
- **Plan-time pattern**: Former plan-time stacks use `data "kubernetes_secret"` to read ESO-created K8s Secrets at plan time (no Vault dependency). First-apply gotcha: must `terragrunt apply -target=kubernetes_manifest.external_secret` first, then full apply. `count` on resources using secret values fails — remove conditional counts.
- **14 hybrid stacks** still keep `data "vault_kv_secret_v2"` for plan-time needs (job commands, Helm templatefile, module inputs). Platform has 48 plan-time refs — no migration possible without restructuring modules.
- **Database rotation**: Vault DB engine rotates passwords every 7 days (604800s). MySQL: speedtest, wrongmove, codimd, nextcloud, shlink, grafana, phpipam. PostgreSQL: health, linkwarden, affine, woodpecker, claude_memory, crowdsec, technitium. Excluded: authentik (PgBouncer), root users. Technitium uses a password-sync CronJob (every 6h) to push rotated password to the Technitium app config via API, disable SQLite + MySQL logging, check PG plugin is loaded, configure PG query logging (90-day retention), and disable SQLite on secondary/tertiary instances.
- **K8s credentials**: Vault K8s secrets engine. Roles: `dashboard-admin`, `ci-deployer`, `openclaw`, `local-admin`. Use `vault write kubernetes/creds/ROLE kubernetes_namespace=NS`. Helper: `scripts/vault-kubeconfig`.
- **CI/CD (GHA + Woodpecker)**: Docker builds run on **GitHub Actions** (free on public repos). Woodpecker is **deploy-only** — receives image tag via API POST, runs `kubectl set image`. Woodpecker authenticates via K8s SA JWT → Vault K8s auth. Sync CronJob pushes `secret/ci/global` → Woodpecker API every 6h. Shell scripts in HCL heredocs: escape `$` → `$$`, `%{}` → `%%{}`.
- **Platform cannot depend on vault** (circular). Apply order: vault first, then platform. Platform has 48 vault refs, all in module inputs — no ESO migration possible.
- **Complex types** (maps/lists like `homepage_credentials`, `k8s_users`) stored as JSON strings in KV, decoded with `jsondecode()` in consuming stack `locals` blocks.
- **New stacks**: Add secret in Vault UI/CLI at `secret/<stack-name>`, add ExternalSecret + `data "kubernetes_secret"` for plan-time, `secret_key_ref` for env vars. Use `data "vault_kv_secret_v2"` only if `data "kubernetes_secret"` won't work (e.g., first-apply bootstrap).
- **Backup CronJob**: `vault-raft-backup` uses manually-created `vault-root-token` K8s Secret (independent of automation).
- **Bootstrap (fresh cluster)**: Comment out data source + OIDC → apply Helm → init+unseal → populate `secret/vault` → uncomment → re-apply.

## Resource Management Patterns
- **CPU**: All CPU limits removed cluster-wide (CFS throttling). Only set CPU requests based on actual usage.
- **Memory**: Set explicit `requests=limits` based on VPA upperBound. Target: upperBound x 1.2 for stable services, x 1.3 for GPU/volatile workloads.
- **VPA (Goldilocks)**: Must be `Initial` mode (not `Auto`) — Auto conflicts with Terraform's declarative resource management.
- **LimitRange**: Tier-based defaults silently apply to pods with `resources: {}`. Always set explicit resources on containers needing more than defaults. Tier 3-edge and 4-aux now use Burstable QoS (request < limit) to reduce scheduler pressure.
- **Democratic-CSI sidecars**: Must set explicit resources (32-80Mi) in Helm values — 17 sidecars default to 256Mi each via LimitRange. `csiProxy` is a TOP-LEVEL chart key, not nested under controller/node.
- **ResourceQuota blocks rolling updates**: When quota is tight, scale to 0 then back to 1 instead of RollingUpdate. Or use Recreate strategy.
- **Kyverno ndots drift**: Kyverno injects dns_config on all pods. Every `kubernetes_deployment`, `kubernetes_stateful_set`, and `kubernetes_cron_job_v1` MUST include `lifecycle { ignore_changes = [spec[0].template[0].spec[0].dns_config] # KYVERNO_LIFECYCLE_V1 }` (use `spec[0].job_template[0].spec[0].template[0].spec[0].dns_config` for CronJobs). The `# KYVERNO_LIFECYCLE_V1` marker is the canonical discoverability tag — grep for it to locate every site. A shared Terraform module was considered but `ignore_changes` only accepts static attribute paths (not module outputs, locals, or expressions), so the snippet convention is the only viable path. Full rationale and copy-paste snippets in `AGENTS.md` → "Kyverno Drift Suppression".
- **NVIDIA GPU operator resources**: dcgm-exporter and cuda-validator resources configurable via `dcgmExporter.resources` and `validator.resources` in nvidia values.yaml.
- **Pin database versions**: Disable Diun (image update monitoring) for MySQL, PostgreSQL, Redis.
- **Quarterly right-sizing**: Check Goldilocks dashboard. Compare VPA upperBound to current request. Also check for under-provisioned (VPA upper > request x 0.8).

## CI/CD Architecture — GHA Builds + Woodpecker Deploy

**Flow**: `git push → GHA build+push DockerHub (8-char SHA) → POST Woodpecker API → kubectl set image`

**Migrated to GHA** (10): Website, k8s-portal, f1-stream, claude-memory-mcp, apple-health-data, audiblez-web, plotting-book, insta2spotify, audiobook-search, council-complaints
**Woodpecker-only**: travel_blog (1.4GB content too large for GHA), infra pipelines (terragrunt apply, certbot, build-cli — need cluster access)

**Per-project files**:
- `.github/workflows/build-and-deploy.yml` — GHA: checkout, build, push DockerHub, POST Woodpecker API
- `.woodpecker/deploy.yml` — Woodpecker: `kubectl set image` + Slack notify (event: `[manual, push]`)
- `.woodpecker/build-fallback.yml` — Old full build pipeline preserved (event: `deployment` — never auto-fires)

**Woodpecker API**: Uses **numeric repo IDs** (`/api/repos/2/pipelines`), NOT owner/name paths (those return HTML).
Repo IDs: infra=1, Website=2, finance=3, health=4, travel_blog=5, webhook-handler=6, audiblez-web=9, f1-stream=10, plotting-book=43, claude-memory-mcp=78, infra-onboarding=79, council-complaints=TBD

**Woodpecker YAML gotchas**:
- Commands with `${VAR}:${VAR}` must be **quoted** — unquoted `:` triggers YAML map parsing when vars are empty
- Use `bitnami/kubectl:latest` (not pinned versions — entrypoint compatibility issues)
- Global secrets must have `manual` in their events list for API-triggered pipelines

**GitHub repo secrets** (set on all repos): `DOCKERHUB_USERNAME`, `DOCKERHUB_TOKEN`, `WOODPECKER_TOKEN`

**Infra pipelines unchanged**: `default.yml` (terragrunt apply), `renew-tls.yml` (certbot cron), `build-cli.yml` (dual registry push), `k8s-portal.yml` (path-filtered build), `provision-user.yml` — all stay on Woodpecker.

## Database Host

**`postgresql_host`** in `config.tfvars` is `pg-cluster-rw.dbaas.svc.cluster.local` (the CNPG primary). The legacy `postgresql.dbaas` service has no endpoints — never use it. This variable is shared by ~12 stacks.

**CNPG tuning** (in `stacks/dbaas/modules/dbaas/main.tf`): `shared_buffers=512MB`, `work_mem=16MB`, `wal_compression=on`, `effective_cache_size=1536MB`, pod memory 2Gi.

## Networking & Resilience
- **Critical path services scaled to 3**: Traefik, Authentik, CrowdSec LAPI, PgBouncer, Cloudflared.
- **PDBs**: minAvailable=2 on Traefik and Authentik.
- **Fallback proxies**: basicAuth when Authentik is down, fail-open when poison-fountain is down.
- **CrowdSec bouncer**: graceful degradation mode (fail-open on error).
- **Rate limiting**: Return 429 (not 503). Per-service tuning: Immich/Nextcloud need higher limits.
- **Retry middleware**: 2 attempts, 100ms — in default ingress chain.
- **HTTP/3 (QUIC)**: Enabled cluster-wide via Traefik.
- **IPAM & DNS auto-registration**: pfSense Kea DHCP serves all 3 subnets (VLAN 10, VLAN 20, 192.168.1.x). Kea DDNS auto-registers every DHCP client in Technitium (RFC 2136, A+PTR). CronJob `phpipam-pfsense-import` (hourly) pulls Kea leases + ARP into phpIPAM via SSH (passive, no scanning). CronJob `phpipam-dns-sync` (15min) bidirectional sync phpIPAM ↔ Technitium. 42 MAC reservations for 192.168.1.x.

## Service-Specific Notes
| Service | Key Operational Knowledge |
|---------|--------------------------|
| Nextcloud | MaxRequestWorkers=150, needs 8Gi limit (Apache transient memory spikes, see commit eb94144), very generous startup probe |
| Immich | ML on SSD, disable ModSecurity (breaks streaming), CUDA for ML, frequent upgrades |
| CrowdSec | Pin version, disable Metabase when not needed (CPU hog), LAPI scaled to 3, **DB on PostgreSQL** (migrated from MySQL), flush config: max_items=10000/max_age=7d/agents_autodelete=30d, DECISION_DURATION=168h in blocklist CronJob |
| Frigate | GPU stall detection in liveness probe (inference speed check), high CPU |
| Authentik | 3 replicas, PgBouncer in front of PostgreSQL, strip auth headers before forwarding |
| Kyverno | failurePolicy=Ignore to prevent blocking cluster, pin chart version |
| MySQL Standalone | Raw `kubernetes_stateful_set_v1` with `mysql:8.4` (migrated from InnoDB Cluster 2026-04-16). `skip-log-bin`, `innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=2`, `innodb_doublewrite=ON`. ConfigMap `mysql-standalone-cnf`. PVC `data-mysql-standalone-0` (15Gi, `proxmox-lvm-encrypted`). Service `mysql.dbaas` unchanged. Anti-affinity excludes k8s-node1. Old InnoDB Cluster + operator still in TF (Phase 4 cleanup pending). Bitnami charts deprecated (Broadcom Aug 2025) — use official images. |
| phpIPAM | IPAM — no active scanning. `pfsense-import` CronJob (hourly) pulls Kea leases + ARP via SSH. `dns-sync` CronJob (15min) bidirectional sync with Technitium. Kea DDNS on pfSense handles all 3 subnets. API app `claude` (ssl_token). |

## Monitoring & Alerting
- Alert cascade inhibitions: if node is down, suppress pod alerts on that node.
- Exclude completed CronJob pods from "pod not ready" alerts.
- Every new service gets Prometheus scrape config + Uptime Kuma monitor. External monitors auto-created for Cloudflare-proxied services by `external-monitor-sync` CronJob (10min, uptime-kuma ns). Mechanism: `ingress_factory` auto-adds `uptime.viktorbarzin.me/external-monitor=true` whenever `dns_type != "none"` (see `modules/kubernetes/ingress_factory/main.tf`) — no manual action needed on new services. The `cloudflare_proxied_names` list in `config.tfvars` is a legacy fallback for the 17 hostnames not yet migrated to `ingress_factory` `dns_type`; don't check that list when debugging "is this monitored?" questions.
- **External monitoring**: `[External] <service>` monitors in Uptime Kuma test full external path (DNS → Cloudflare → Tunnel → Traefik). Divergence metric `external_internal_divergence_count` → alert `ExternalAccessDivergence` (15min). Config: `stacks/uptime-kuma/`, targets from `cloudflare_proxied_names` in `config.tfvars` (17 remaining centrally-managed hostnames; most DNS records now auto-created by `ingress_factory` `dns_type` param).
- Key alerts: OOMKill, pod replica mismatch, 4xx/5xx error rates, UPS battery, CPU temp, SSD writes, NFS responsiveness, ClusterMemoryRequestsHigh (>85%), ContainerNearOOM (>85% limit), PodUnschedulable, ExternalAccessDivergence.
- **E2E email monitoring**: CronJob `email-roundtrip-monitor` (every 20 min) sends test email via Brevo HTTP API to `smoke-test@viktorbarzin.me` (catch-all → `spam@`), verifies IMAP delivery, deletes test email, pushes metrics to Pushgateway + Uptime Kuma. Alerts: `EmailRoundtripFailing` (60m), `EmailRoundtripStale` (60m), `EmailRoundtripNeverRun` (60m). Outbound relay: Brevo EU (`smtp-relay.brevo.com:587`, 300/day free — migrated from Mailgun). Inbound external traffic enters via pfSense HAProxy on `10.0.20.1:{25,465,587,993}`, which forwards to k8s `mailserver-proxy` NodePort (30125-30128) with `send-proxy-v2`. Mailserver pod runs alt PROXY-speaking listeners (2525/4465/5587/10993) alongside stock PROXY-free ones (25/465/587/993) for intra-cluster clients. Real client IPs recovered from PROXY v2 header despite kube-proxy SNAT (replaces pre-2026-04-19 MetalLB `10.0.20.202` ETP:Local scheme; see bd code-yiu + `docs/runbooks/mailserver-pfsense-haproxy.md`). Vault: `brevo_api_key` in `secret/viktor` (probe + relay).

## Storage & Backup Architecture

### Storage Class Decision Rule (for new services)

Choose storage class based on workload type:

| Use **proxmox-lvm-encrypted** when | Use **proxmox-lvm** when | Use **NFS** (`nfs_volume` module) when | Use **nfs-proxmox** SC when |
|------------------------------------|--------------------------|----------------------------------------|-----------------------------|
| **Any service storing sensitive data** | Non-sensitive app state (configs, caches) | Shared data across multiple pods (RWX) | Dynamic provisioning on Proxmox host NFS |
| Databases (user data, credentials) | Media indexes, search caches | Media libraries (music, ebooks, photos) | Vault (dynamic PVC creation) |
| Auth/identity services | Monitoring data (Prometheus) | Backup destinations (cloud sync picks up from NFS) | |
| Password managers, email, git repos | Tools with no user secrets | Large datasets (>10Gi) where snapshots matter | |
| Health/financial data | | Data you want to browse/inspect from outside k8s | |

**Default for sensitive data is proxmox-lvm-encrypted.** Use plain `proxmox-lvm` only for non-sensitive workloads. Use NFS when you need RWX, backup pipeline integration, or it's a large shared media library.

**NFS server:**
- **Proxmox host** (192.168.1.127): Sole NFS for all workloads. HDD at `/srv/nfs` (ext4 thin LV `pve/nfs-data`, 1TB). SSD at `/srv/nfs-ssd` (ext4 LV `ssd/nfs-ssd-data`, 100GB). Exports use `async,insecure` options (`async` — safe with UPS + Vault Raft replication + databases on block storage; `insecure` — pfSense NATs source ports >1024 between VLANs).
- **`nfs-truenas` StorageClass**: Historical name retained only because SC names are immutable on PVs (48 bound PVs reference it — renaming would require mass PV churn, not worth it). Now points to the Proxmox host, identical to `nfs-proxmox`. TrueNAS (VM 9000, 10.0.10.15) operationally decommissioned 2026-04-13; VM still exists in stopped state on PVE pending user decision on deletion.

**Migration note**: CSI PV `volumeAttributes` are immutable — cannot update NFS server in place. New PV/PVC pairs required (convention: append `-host` to PV name).

**NFS CSI mount option requirements** (learned from [PM-2026-04-14]):
- **ALWAYS set `nfsvers=4`** in CSI mount options. NFSv3 is disabled on the PVE host (`vers3=n` in `/etc/nfs.conf`). Without this, mounts fail silently if kernel NFS client state is corrupt.
- **NEVER use `fsid=0`** in `/etc/exports` on `/srv/nfs`. `fsid=0` designates the NFSv4 pseudo-root, which breaks subdirectory path resolution for all CSI mounts. Only `fsid=1` (unique ID) is safe on `/srv/nfs-ssd`.
- **`/etc/exports` is git-managed** at `infra/scripts/pve-nfs-exports`. Deploy: `scp scripts/pve-nfs-exports root@192.168.1.127:/etc/exports && ssh root@192.168.1.127 exportfs -ra`
- **Critical services MUST NOT use NFS storage** — circular dependency risk. Alertmanager, Prometheus, and any monitoring that should alert about NFS must use `proxmox-lvm-encrypted`. Technitium DNS primary uses `proxmox-lvm-encrypted` (migrated 2026-04-14).
- **NFS PV template** (in `modules/kubernetes/nfs_volume/`): always include `mountOptions: ["nfsvers=4", "soft", "actimeo=5", "retrans=3", "timeo=30"]`

**proxmox-lvm PVC template** (Terraform):
```hcl
resource "kubernetes_persistent_volume_claim" "data_proxmox" {
  wait_until_bound = false
  metadata {
    name      = "<service>-data-proxmox"
    namespace = kubernetes_namespace.<ns>.metadata[0].name
    annotations = {
      "resize.topolvm.io/threshold"     = "80%"
      "resize.topolvm.io/increase"      = "100%"
      "resize.topolvm.io/storage_limit" = "5Gi"
    }
  }
  spec {
    access_modes       = ["ReadWriteOnce"]
    storage_class_name = "proxmox-lvm"
    resources {
      requests = { storage = "1Gi" }
    }
  }
  lifecycle {
    # pvc-autoresizer expands this PVC up to storage_limit; ignore drift on
    # requests.storage so the next TF apply doesn't try to shrink it back
    # (K8s rejects shrinks → apply fails). To bump the floor manually:
    # temporarily remove this block, apply the new size, re-add the block,
    # apply again.
    ignore_changes = [spec[0].resources[0].requests]
  }
}
```
- `wait_until_bound = false` is **required** (WaitForFirstConsumer binding)
- Deployment strategy **must be Recreate** (RWO volumes)
- Autoresizer annotations are **required** on all proxmox-lvm PVCs
- `lifecycle.ignore_changes` on `requests` is **required** to coexist with the autoresizer
- Every proxmox-lvm app **MUST** add a backup CronJob writing to NFS `/mnt/main/<app>-backup/`

**proxmox-lvm-encrypted PVC template** (Terraform) — use for all sensitive data:
```hcl
resource "kubernetes_persistent_volume_claim" "data_encrypted" {
  wait_until_bound = false
  metadata {
    name      = "<service>-data-encrypted"
    namespace = kubernetes_namespace.<ns>.metadata[0].name
    annotations = {
      "resize.topolvm.io/threshold"     = "80%"
      "resize.topolvm.io/increase"      = "100%"
      "resize.topolvm.io/storage_limit" = "5Gi"
    }
  }
  spec {
    access_modes       = ["ReadWriteOnce"]
    storage_class_name = "proxmox-lvm-encrypted"
    resources {
      requests = { storage = "1Gi" }
    }
  }
  lifecycle {
    # See data_proxmox above — required for autoresizer coexistence.
    ignore_changes = [spec[0].resources[0].requests]
  }
}
```
- Same rules as `proxmox-lvm` (wait_until_bound, Recreate strategy, autoresizer, backup CronJob, `lifecycle.ignore_changes`)
- Uses LUKS2 encryption with Argon2id key derivation via Proxmox CSI plugin
- Encryption passphrase stored in Vault KV (`secret/viktor/proxmox_csi_encryption_passphrase`), synced to K8s Secret `proxmox-csi-encryption` in `kube-system` via ExternalSecret
- Backup key at `/root/.luks-backup-key` on PVE host (chmod 600)
- CSI node plugin needs 1280Mi memory limit for LUKS operations (`node.plugin.resources` in Helm values)
- Convention: PVC names end in `-encrypted` (not `-proxmox`)

### 3-2-1 Backup Strategy
**Copy 1**: Live data on sdc thin pool (65 PVCs + VMs)
**Copy 2**: sda backup disk (`/mnt/backup`, 1.1TB ext4, VG `backup`)
**Copy 3**: Synology NAS offsite (two-tier: sda + NFS)

**PVE host scripts** (source: `infra/scripts/`):
- `/usr/local/bin/daily-backup` — Daily 05:00. Mounts LVM thin snapshots ro → rsyncs FILES to `/mnt/backup/pvc-data/<YYYY-WW>/<ns>/<pvc>/` with `--link-dest` versioning (4 weeks). Auto SQLite backup (magic number check, `?mode=ro`). Auto-discovered BACKUP_DIRS (glob, not hardcoded). Also backs up pfSense (config.xml + tar), PVE config. Prunes snapshots >7d.
- `/usr/local/bin/offsite-sync-backup` — Daily 06:00 (After=daily-backup). Step 1: sda → Synology `pve-backup/` (PVC snapshots, pfSense, PVE config). Step 2: NFS → Synology `nfs/` + `nfs-ssd/` via inotify change-tracked `rsync --files-from`. Monthly full `rsync --delete` on 1st Sunday.
- `/usr/local/bin/lvm-pvc-snapshot` — Daily 03:00. Thin snapshots of all PVCs except dbaas+monitoring. 7-day retention. Instant restore: `lvm-pvc-snapshot restore <lv> <snap>`.
- `nfs-change-tracker.service` — Continuous inotifywait on `/srv/nfs` + `/srv/nfs-ssd`. Logs changed file paths to `/mnt/backup/.nfs-changes.log`. Consumed by offsite-sync-backup for incremental rsync (completes in seconds instead of 30+ minutes).

**Synology layout** (`192.168.1.13:/volume1/Backup/Viki/`):
- `pve-backup/` — PVC file backups (`pvc-data/`), SQLite backups (`sqlite-backup/`), pfSense, PVE config (synced from sda)
- `nfs/` — mirrors `/srv/nfs` on Proxmox (inotify change-tracked rsync)
- `nfs-ssd/` — mirrors `/srv/nfs-ssd` on Proxmox (inotify change-tracked rsync)

**App-level CronJobs** (write to Proxmox host NFS, synced to Synology via inotify):
- MySQL (daily full + per-db), PostgreSQL (daily full + per-db), Vault (weekly), Vaultwarden (6h + integrity), Redis (weekly), etcd (weekly)
- **Per-database backups**: `postgresql-backup-per-db` (00:15, `pg_dump -Fc` → `/backup/per-db/<db>/`) and `mysql-backup-per-db` (00:45, `mysqldump` → `/backup/per-db/<db>/`). Enables single-database restore without affecting others.
- **Convention**: New proxmox-lvm apps MUST add a backup CronJob writing to `/mnt/main/<app>-backup/`

**Restore paths**:
- Single database: `pg_restore -d <db> --clean --if-exists` (PG) or `mysql <db> < dump.sql.gz` (MySQL) from per-db backup
- Accidental delete: `lvm-pvc-snapshot restore` (instant, 7 daily snapshots)
- Older data: Browse `/mnt/backup/pvc-data/<week>/<ns>/<pvc>/`, rsync back
- Database (full cluster): Restore from dump at `/srv/nfs/<db>-backup/` or Synology `nfs/<db>-backup/`
- pfsense: Upload config.xml via web UI, or extract tar for custom scripts
- Full disaster: Restore from Synology

## Known Issues
- **CrowdSec Helm upgrade times out**: `terragrunt apply` on platform stack causes CrowdSec Helm release to get stuck in `pending-upgrade`. Workaround: `helm rollback crowdsec <rev> -n crowdsec`. Root cause: likely ResourceQuota CPU at 302% preventing pods from passing readiness probes. Needs investigation.
- **OpenClaw config is writable**: OpenClaw writes to `openclaw.json` at runtime (doctor --fix, plugin auto-enable). Never use subPath ConfigMap mounts for it — use an init container to copy into a writable volume. Needs 2Gi memory + `NODE_OPTIONS=--max-old-space-size=1536`.
- **Goldilocks VPA sets limits**: When increasing memory requests, always set explicit `limits` too — Goldilocks may have added a limit that blocks the change.

## User Preferences
- **Calendar**: Nextcloud at `nextcloud.viktorbarzin.me`
- **Home Assistant**: ha-london (default), ha-sofia. "ha"/"HA" = ha-london
- **Frontend**: Svelte for all new web apps
- **Tools**: Docker containers only — never `brew install` locally
- **Pod monitoring**: Never use `sleep` — spawn background subagent with `kubectl get pods -w`