# ============================================================================= # Tier-Based Resource Governance # ============================================================================= # default (limit) = defaultRequest (request) to give Guaranteed QoS and prevent # memory overcommit. Changed 2026-03-14 after node2 OOM crash caused by 250% # memory overcommit (61GB limits on 24GB node). # # Four layers of protection against noisy neighbor issues: # 1. PriorityClasses - critical services survive resource pressure # 2. LimitRange defaults (Kyverno generate) - auto-inject defaults for containers without resources # 3. ResourceQuotas (Kyverno generate) - hard ceiling on namespace resource consumption # 4. Priority injection (Kyverno mutate) - set priorityClassName based on namespace tier label locals { governance_tiers = ["0-core", "1-cluster", "2-gpu", "3-edge", "4-aux"] excluded_namespaces = ["kube-system", "metallb-system", "kyverno", "calico-system", "calico-apiserver"] } # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Layer 1: PriorityClasses # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Values stay well below system-cluster-critical (2,000,000,000) resource "kubernetes_priority_class" "tier_0_core" { metadata { name = "tier-0-core" } value = 1000000 global_default = false preemption_policy = "PreemptLowerPriority" description = "Critical infrastructure: ingress, DNS, VPN, auth, monitoring" } resource "kubernetes_priority_class" "tier_1_cluster" { metadata { name = "tier-1-cluster" } value = 800000 global_default = false preemption_policy = "PreemptLowerPriority" description = "Cluster services: Redis, metrics, security" } resource "kubernetes_priority_class" "tier_2_gpu" { metadata { name = "tier-2-gpu" } value = 600000 global_default = false preemption_policy = "PreemptLowerPriority" description = "GPU workloads: Immich, Ollama, Frigate" } resource "kubernetes_priority_class" "gpu_workload" { metadata { name = "gpu-workload" } value = 1200000 global_default = false preemption_policy = "PreemptLowerPriority" description = "GPU-pinned workloads. Higher than all user tiers. Auto-injected by Kyverno on pods requesting nvidia.com/gpu." } resource "kubernetes_priority_class" "tier_3_edge" { metadata { name = "tier-3-edge" } value = 400000 global_default = false preemption_policy = "PreemptLowerPriority" description = "User-facing services: mail, file sync, dashboards" } resource "kubernetes_priority_class" "tier_4_aux" { metadata { name = "tier-4-aux" } value = 200000 global_default = false preemption_policy = "Never" description = "Optional services: blogs, tools, experiments. Will not preempt other aux services." } # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Layer 2: LimitRange Defaults (Kyverno Generate) # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Creates a LimitRange in each namespace based on its tier label. # Only affects containers WITHOUT explicit resource requests/limits. resource "kubernetes_manifest" "generate_limitrange_by_tier" { manifest = { apiVersion = "kyverno.io/v1" kind = "ClusterPolicy" metadata = { name = "generate-limitrange-by-tier" annotations = { "policies.kyverno.io/title" = "Generate LimitRange by Tier" "policies.kyverno.io/description" = "Creates tier-appropriate LimitRange defaults in namespaces based on their tier label. Only affects containers without explicit resource specifications. Excludes namespaces with resource-governance/custom-limitrange label." } } spec = { generateExisting = true rules = [ # Tier 0-core { name = "limitrange-tier-0-core" match = { any = [ { resources = { kinds = ["Namespace"] selector = { matchLabels = { tier = "0-core" } } } } ] } exclude = { any = [ { resources = { selector = { matchLabels = { "resource-governance/custom-limitrange" = "true" } } } } ] } generate = { synchronize = true apiVersion = "v1" kind = "LimitRange" name = "tier-defaults" namespace = "{{request.object.metadata.name}}" data = { spec = { limits = [ { type = "Container" default = { memory = "256Mi" } defaultRequest = { cpu = "100m" memory = "256Mi" } max = { memory = "8Gi" } } ] } } } }, # Tier 1-cluster { name = "limitrange-tier-1-cluster" match = { any = [ { resources = { kinds = ["Namespace"] selector = { matchLabels = { tier = "1-cluster" } } } } ] } exclude = { any = [ { resources = { selector = { matchLabels = { "resource-governance/custom-limitrange" = "true" } } } } ] } generate = { synchronize = true apiVersion = "v1" kind = "LimitRange" name = "tier-defaults" namespace = "{{request.object.metadata.name}}" data = { spec = { limits = [ { type = "Container" default = { memory = "256Mi" } defaultRequest = { cpu = "100m" memory = "256Mi" } max = { memory = "4Gi" } } ] } } } }, # Tier 2-gpu { name = "limitrange-tier-2-gpu" match = { any = [ { resources = { kinds = ["Namespace"] selector = { matchLabels = { tier = "2-gpu" } } } } ] } exclude = { any = [ { resources = { selector = { matchLabels = { "resource-governance/custom-limitrange" = "true" } } } } ] } generate = { synchronize = true apiVersion = "v1" kind = "LimitRange" name = "tier-defaults" namespace = "{{request.object.metadata.name}}" data = { spec = { limits = [ { type = "Container" default = { memory = "1Gi" } defaultRequest = { cpu = "200m" memory = "1Gi" } max = { memory = "16Gi" } } ] } } } }, # Tier 3-edge — Burstable QoS: request < limit to reduce scheduler pressure { name = "limitrange-tier-3-edge" match = { any = [ { resources = { kinds = ["Namespace"] selector = { matchLabels = { tier = "3-edge" } } } } ] } exclude = { any = [ { resources = { selector = { matchLabels = { "resource-governance/custom-limitrange" = "true" } } } } ] } generate = { synchronize = true apiVersion = "v1" kind = "LimitRange" name = "tier-defaults" namespace = "{{request.object.metadata.name}}" data = { spec = { limits = [ { type = "Container" default = { memory = "192Mi" } defaultRequest = { cpu = "50m" memory = "96Mi" } max = { memory = "4Gi" } } ] } } } }, # Tier 4-aux — Burstable QoS: request < limit to reduce scheduler pressure { name = "limitrange-tier-4-aux" match = { any = [ { resources = { kinds = ["Namespace"] selector = { matchLabels = { tier = "4-aux" } } } } ] } exclude = { any = [ { resources = { selector = { matchLabels = { "resource-governance/custom-limitrange" = "true" } } } } ] } generate = { synchronize = true apiVersion = "v1" kind = "LimitRange" name = "tier-defaults" namespace = "{{request.object.metadata.name}}" data = { spec = { limits = [ { type = "Container" default = { memory = "256Mi" } defaultRequest = { cpu = "50m" memory = "64Mi" } max = { memory = "4Gi" } } ] } } } }, # Fallback: namespaces without a tier label get aux-level defaults # requests = limits to prevent memory overcommit (2026-03-14 node2 OOM incident) { name = "limitrange-no-tier-fallback" match = { any = [ { resources = { kinds = ["Namespace"] } } ] } exclude = { any = [ { resources = { selector = { matchExpressions = [ { key = "tier" operator = "Exists" } ] } } }, { resources = { namespaces = ["kube-system", "metallb-system", "kyverno", "calico-system", "calico-apiserver"] } } ] } generate = { synchronize = true apiVersion = "v1" kind = "LimitRange" name = "tier-defaults" namespace = "{{request.object.metadata.name}}" data = { spec = { limits = [ { type = "Container" default = { memory = "128Mi" } defaultRequest = { cpu = "50m" memory = "128Mi" } max = { memory = "2Gi" } } ] } } } }, ] } } } # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Layer 3: ResourceQuotas (Kyverno Generate) # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Creates a ResourceQuota in each namespace based on its tier label. # Sets hard ceiling on total namespace resource consumption. # Namespaces with label resource-governance/custom-quota=true are excluded. # # IMPORTANT: LimitRange (Layer 2) must exist before ResourceQuota takes effect, # because ResourceQuota requires all pods to have resource requests set. resource "kubernetes_manifest" "generate_resourcequota_by_tier" { depends_on = [kubernetes_manifest.generate_limitrange_by_tier] manifest = { apiVersion = "kyverno.io/v1" kind = "ClusterPolicy" metadata = { name = "generate-resourcequota-by-tier" annotations = { "policies.kyverno.io/title" = "Generate ResourceQuota by Tier" "policies.kyverno.io/description" = "Creates tier-appropriate ResourceQuota in namespaces based on their tier label. Excludes namespaces with resource-governance/custom-quota label." } } spec = { generateExisting = true rules = [ # Tier 0-core { name = "quota-tier-0-core" match = { any = [ { resources = { kinds = ["Namespace"] selector = { matchLabels = { tier = "0-core" } } } } ] } exclude = { any = [ { resources = { selector = { matchLabels = { "resource-governance/custom-quota" = "true" } } } } ] } generate = { synchronize = true apiVersion = "v1" kind = "ResourceQuota" name = "tier-quota" namespace = "{{request.object.metadata.name}}" data = { spec = { hard = { "requests.cpu" = "8" "requests.memory" = "8Gi" "limits.memory" = "64Gi" pods = "100" } } } } }, # Tier 1-cluster { name = "quota-tier-1-cluster" match = { any = [ { resources = { kinds = ["Namespace"] selector = { matchLabels = { tier = "1-cluster" } } } } ] } exclude = { any = [ { resources = { selector = { matchLabels = { "resource-governance/custom-quota" = "true" } } } } ] } generate = { synchronize = true apiVersion = "v1" kind = "ResourceQuota" name = "tier-quota" namespace = "{{request.object.metadata.name}}" data = { spec = { hard = { "requests.cpu" = "4" "requests.memory" = "4Gi" "limits.memory" = "32Gi" pods = "30" } } } } }, # Tier 2-gpu { name = "quota-tier-2-gpu" match = { any = [ { resources = { kinds = ["Namespace"] selector = { matchLabels = { tier = "2-gpu" } } } } ] } exclude = { any = [ { resources = { selector = { matchLabels = { "resource-governance/custom-quota" = "true" } } } } ] } generate = { synchronize = true apiVersion = "v1" kind = "ResourceQuota" name = "tier-quota" namespace = "{{request.object.metadata.name}}" data = { spec = { hard = { "requests.cpu" = "8" "requests.memory" = "8Gi" "limits.memory" = "32Gi" pods = "40" } } } } }, # Tier 3-edge { name = "quota-tier-3-edge" match = { any = [ { resources = { kinds = ["Namespace"] selector = { matchLabels = { tier = "3-edge" } } } } ] } exclude = { any = [ { resources = { selector = { matchLabels = { "resource-governance/custom-quota" = "true" } } } } ] } generate = { synchronize = true apiVersion = "v1" kind = "ResourceQuota" name = "tier-quota" namespace = "{{request.object.metadata.name}}" data = { spec = { hard = { "requests.cpu" = "4" "requests.memory" = "4Gi" "limits.memory" = "32Gi" pods = "30" } } } } }, # Tier 4-aux { name = "quota-tier-4-aux" match = { any = [ { resources = { kinds = ["Namespace"] selector = { matchLabels = { tier = "4-aux" } } } } ] } exclude = { any = [ { resources = { selector = { matchLabels = { "resource-governance/custom-quota" = "true" } } } } ] } generate = { synchronize = true apiVersion = "v1" kind = "ResourceQuota" name = "tier-quota" namespace = "{{request.object.metadata.name}}" data = { spec = { hard = { "requests.cpu" = "2" "requests.memory" = "2Gi" "limits.memory" = "16Gi" pods = "20" } } } } }, ] } } } # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Layer 4: PriorityClassName Injection (Kyverno Mutate) # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Automatically sets priorityClassName on Pods based on their namespace's tier label. # Skips pods that already have a priorityClassName set. # Uses namespaceSelector instead of API calls — no round-trip to the API server. resource "kubernetes_manifest" "mutate_priority_from_tier" { manifest = { apiVersion = "kyverno.io/v1" kind = "ClusterPolicy" metadata = { name = "inject-priority-class-from-tier" annotations = { "policies.kyverno.io/title" = "Inject PriorityClass from Tier" "policies.kyverno.io/description" = "Sets priorityClassName on Pods based on the namespace tier label. Skips pods that already have a priorityClassName." } } spec = { rules = [for tier in local.governance_tiers : { name = "inject-priority-${tier}" match = { any = [ { resources = { kinds = ["Pod"] operations = ["CREATE"] namespaceSelector = { matchLabels = { tier = tier } } } } ] } exclude = { any = [ { resources = { namespaces = local.excluded_namespaces } } ] } preconditions = { all = [ { key = "{{request.object.spec.priorityClassName || ''}}" operator = "Equals" value = "" } ] } mutate = { patchesJson6902 = yamlencode([ { op = "remove" path = "/spec/priority" }, { op = "remove" path = "/spec/preemptionPolicy" }, { op = "add" path = "/spec/priorityClassName" value = "tier-${tier}" } ]) } }] } } } # --- ndots:2 injection --- # Kubernetes defaults to ndots:5, which causes 4 wasted NxDomain queries per # external DNS lookup (search domain expansion). This policy injects ndots:2 # on all pods to reduce NxDomain flood while still allowing short-name service # resolution (e.g. "redis.redis" has 1 dot, so it still expands). resource "kubernetes_manifest" "mutate_ndots" { manifest = { apiVersion = "kyverno.io/v1" kind = "ClusterPolicy" metadata = { name = "inject-ndots" annotations = { "policies.kyverno.io/title" = "Inject ndots:2 DNS Config" "policies.kyverno.io/description" = "Sets ndots:2 on all Pods to reduce NxDomain query flood from search domain expansion. Skips pods that already have ndots configured." } } spec = { rules = [ { name = "inject-ndots-2" match = { any = [ { resources = { kinds = ["Pod"] } } ] } exclude = { any = [ { resources = { namespaces = ["kube-system", "metallb-system", "kyverno", "calico-system", "calico-apiserver"] } } ] } preconditions = { all = [ { key = "{{ request.object.spec.dnsConfig.options || `[]` | [?name == 'ndots'] | length(@) }}" operator = "Equals" value = "0" } ] } mutate = { patchStrategicMerge = { spec = { dnsConfig = { options = [ { name = "ndots" value = "2" } ] } } } } } ] } } } # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Layer 5: GPU Workload Priority Override (Kyverno Mutate) # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Overrides the tier-based priorityClassName with gpu-workload for pods that # actually request nvidia.com/gpu resources. This ensures GPU pods can preempt # non-GPU pods on the GPU node, regardless of namespace tier. # Runs after Layer 4 (tier injection), so it overrides the tier-based priority. resource "kubernetes_manifest" "mutate_gpu_priority" { manifest = { apiVersion = "kyverno.io/v1" kind = "ClusterPolicy" metadata = { name = "inject-gpu-workload-priority" annotations = { "policies.kyverno.io/title" = "Inject GPU Workload Priority" "policies.kyverno.io/description" = "Overrides priorityClassName to gpu-workload for pods requesting nvidia.com/gpu resources. Runs after tier-based injection." } } spec = { rules = [ { name = "gpu-priority-override" match = { any = [ { resources = { kinds = ["Pod"] operations = ["CREATE"] } } ] } exclude = { any = [ { resources = { namespaces = local.excluded_namespaces } } ] } preconditions = { any = [ { key = "{{ request.object.spec.containers[].resources.requests.\"nvidia.com/gpu\" || '' }}" operator = "NotEquals" value = "" }, { key = "{{ request.object.spec.containers[].resources.limits.\"nvidia.com/gpu\" || '' }}" operator = "NotEquals" value = "" } ] } mutate = { patchesJson6902 = yamlencode([ { op = "replace" path = "/spec/priorityClassName" value = "gpu-workload" }, { op = "replace" path = "/spec/priority" value = 1200000 }, { op = "replace" path = "/spec/preemptionPolicy" value = "PreemptLowerPriority" } ]) } } ] } } }