api: expand FastAPI surface for scenarios, networth, life-events, goals, simulate

Adds the read+write endpoints the frontend needs to drive a
ProjectionLab-style UX on top of the existing engine.

- /networth, /networth/history    — NW total + per-account from
                                     account_snapshot (frontend chart)
- /scenarios CRUD + projection    — list/get/create/patch/delete user
                                     scenarios; cartesian read-only
- /scenarios/{id}/life-events     — life event CRUD nested under scenario
- /life-events/{id}               — patch + delete by id
- /scenarios/{id}/goals,
  /goals/{id}                     — retirement goal CRUD
- /simulate, /compare             — sync, no-DB-write what-if endpoints

Auth: Bearer-token dependency on writes + simulate when API_BEARER_TOKEN
is set; reads always open (lock down via Authentik-fronted ingress in
prod). Existing /recompute keeps its bearer auth.

CORS middleware reads FRONTEND_ORIGINS (comma-separated) for the dev
SPA. Lifespan now provisions the SQLAlchemy engine + session_factory
on app.state and disposes them on shutdown.

40 new tests covering happy paths and validation. 172 tests total.
mypy strict + ruff clean (B008 ignore added — Depends() in defaults
is the canonical FastAPI pattern, not a bug).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 <noreply@anthropic.com>

fire_planner/api/dependencies.py

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+"""Shared FastAPI dependencies — DB session per request."""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator
+
+from fastapi import Request
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession, async_sessionmaker
+
+
+async def get_session(request: Request) -> AsyncIterator[AsyncSession]:
+    """Yield an AsyncSession bound to the engine on app.state.
+
+    The engine + session factory are wired up in `app.lifespan`. Tests
+    swap them out via dependency_overrides.
+    """
+    factory: async_sessionmaker[AsyncSession] = request.app.state.session_factory
+    async with factory() as session:
+        yield session